Mutual Fund

शेयर, बॉन्ड, मनी मार्केट सिक्योरिटीज़ या इनके कॉम्बिनेशन जैसे दूसरे निवेश विकल्पों की तुलना में, म्यूचुअल फंड नए निवेशकों के लिए एक आदर्श निवेश है। दूसरे निवेशों की तरह, म्यूचुअल फंड में भी कुछ जोखिम होता है, लेकिन लंबे समय में इनसे ज़्यादा रिटर्न मिलने की संभावना रहती है। निवेश शुरू करने वाले लोग म्यूचुअल फंड को चुन सकते हैं क्योंकि इनमें कम पैसे से निवेश शुरू किया जा सकता है, इनमें डाइवर्सिफिकेशन (विविधता) मिलता है और इन्हें प्रोफेशनल फंड मैनेजर मैनेज करते हैं। म्यूचुअल फंड में लिक्विडिटी की सुविधा होती है; निवेशक ज़रूरत पड़ने पर कभी भी अपना पैसा निकाल सकते हैं। नए निवेशकों के पास निवेश के विकल्पों पर रिसर्च और एनालिसिस करने के लिए समय और जानकारी नहीं होती है। बहुत से निवेशक म्यूचुअल फंड में निवेश करना चाहते हैं, लेकिन उन्हें म्यूचुअल फंड चुनने से पहले की प्रक्रिया और किन बातों का ध्यान रखना है, इसके बारे में पक्का पता नहीं होता है। छोटी शुरुआत करें, लगातार निवेश करते रहें; म्यूचुअल फंड में निवेश करना मुश्किल नहीं होना चाहिए।

नीचे दिए गए स्टेप्स को फॉलो करके म्यूचुअल फंड में निवेश शुरू करें – शुरुआत करने वालों के लिए म्यूचुअल फंड एक बेहतरीन निवेश है

स्टेप 1 – KYC पूरी करें

म्यूचुअल फंड शुरू करने के लिए, आपको PAN (परमानेंट अकाउंट नंबर), आधार कार्ड, मोबाइल नंबर, ईमेल आईडी, बैंक अकाउंट नंबर और बैंक की दूसरी जानकारी देकर KYC (नो योर क्लाइंट) वेरिफिकेशन पूरा करना होगा। KYC नियमों का पालन करने के लिए, आप ऑनलाइन फ़ॉर्म भर सकते हैं। KYC फ़ॉर्म का ऑनलाइन लिंक नीचे दिया गया है:

https://www.camsonline.com/Investors/Transactions/KYC/Paper-less-KYC

https://mfs.kfintech.com/investor/Investor/EKYCVerification

और सही जानकारी के साथ फ़ॉर्म सबमिट करें।

स्टेप 2 – रिस्क लेने की क्षमता और समय-सीमा (टाइम होराइज़न) देखें

अपने फाइनेंशियल लक्ष्यों, रिस्क लेने की क्षमता और समय-सीमा के हिसाब से म्यूचुअल फंड प्लान चुनें।

स्टेप 3 – प्लेटफ़ॉर्म चुनें

SIP शुरू करने के लिए आपको AMC (एसेट मैनेजमेंट कंपनी) के साथ रजिस्टर करना होगा।

स्टेप 4 – बैंक अकाउंट और रकम चुनें

अपने बैंक की जानकारी और वह रकम डालें जिसे आप हर महीने इन्वेस्ट करना चाहते हैं।

स्टेप 5 – बैंक मैंडेट सेट करें

ऑटो-डेबिट मैंडेट सेट करें ताकि आपके अकाउंट से पैसे अपने आप कट जाएं और तय तारीख पर इन्वेस्ट हो जाएं।

स्टेप 6 – मॉनिटर करें

अपने पोर्टफोलियो पर नज़र रखें और ज़रूरत पड़ने पर उसमें बदलाव करें।

म्यूचुअल फंड में निवेश कैसे करें – शुरुआत करने वालों के लिए म्यूचुअल फंड एक बेहतरीन निवेश है

बैंक के ज़रिए

ज़्यादातर बैंक म्यूचुअल फंड डिस्ट्रीब्यूटर होते हैं और वेल्थ मैनेजमेंट सर्विस देते हैं; बैंक के साथ आप रेगुलर प्लान में निवेश करेंगे। बैंक ब्रांच के ज़रिए ऑनलाइन म्यूचुअल फंड सर्विस और वेल्थ मैनेजमेंट सर्विस भी देते हैं।

सीधे AMC (एसेट मैनेजमेंट कंपनी) के साथ

KYC वेरिफ़ाई होने के बाद, आपको अपना KYC AMC ऑफिस में या AMC के ऑनलाइन पोर्टल के ज़रिए जमा करना होगा। आप डायरेक्ट प्लान खरीद सकते हैं; रेगुलर प्लान की तुलना में इनका एक्सपेंस रेश्यो कम होता है और रिटर्न रेगुलर प्लान से ज़्यादा होता है। अगर आप अनुभवी निवेशक हैं, तो आप यह तरीका चुन सकते हैं।

RIA (रजिस्टर्ड इन्वेस्टमेंट एडवाइज़र) के ज़रिए

आप SEBI रजिस्टर्ड RIA के ज़रिए निवेश कर सकते हैं; आप RIA के ज़रिए डायरेक्ट प्लान में निवेश कर सकते हैं। AMC, RIA को कोई कमीशन नहीं देती है, इसलिए हितों का कोई टकराव नहीं होता है। RIA सर्विस के लिए फ़ीस ले सकते हैं। म्यूचुअल फंड डिस्ट्रीब्यूटर या रजिस्टर्ड इन्वेस्टमेंट एडवाइज़र के ज़रिए निवेश करने का फ़ैसला करने से पहले आपको अच्छी तरह जाँच-पड़ताल कर लेनी चाहिए।

म्यूचुअल फंड डिस्ट्रीब्यूटर के ज़रिए

आप AMFI रजिस्टर्ड म्यूचुअल फंड डिस्ट्रीब्यूटर के ज़रिए निवेश कर सकते हैं; वे क्लाइंट से फ़ीस नहीं लेते हैं और सीधे फंड हाउस से कमीशन लेते हैं। म्यूचुअल फंड डिस्ट्रीब्यूटर के ज़रिए आप रेगुलर प्लान में निवेश करेंगे और डायरेक्ट प्लान की तुलना में एक्सपेंस रेश्यो ज़्यादा होगा। नए निवेशकों के लिए म्यूचुअल फंड डिस्ट्रीब्यूटर के ज़रिए निवेश करना समझदारी होगी, क्योंकि वे आपके KYC कंप्लायंस में मदद कर सकते हैं और आपकी रिस्क लेने की क्षमता और निवेश की ज़रूरतों के हिसाब से सही म्यूचुअल फंड प्रोडक्ट चुनने में आपकी मदद कर सकते हैं।

RTA (रजिस्ट्रार और ट्रांसफ़र एजेंट) के ज़रिए

आप RTA के ज़रिए निवेश कर सकते हैं; RTA फंड हाउस की ओर से म्यूचुअल फंड ट्रांज़ैक्शन प्रोसेस करते हैं। आप RTA के ज़रिए डायरेक्ट और रेगुलर दोनों प्लान में निवेश कर सकते हैं, लेकिन आपको यह पता होना चाहिए कि जिस AMC की स्कीम आप खरीदना चाहते हैं, उसे कौन सा RTA सर्विस देता है। RTA के ज़रिए निवेश करने का मुख्य फ़ायदा यह है कि आप अलग-अलग AMC के कई फंड में निवेश, रिडेम्पशन, स्विच वगैरह जैसे ट्रांज़ैक्शन कर सकते हैं, बशर्ते उन AMC को एक ही RTA सर्विस देता हो।

एसेट क्लास के आधार पर म्यूचुअल फंड में निवेश करें – शुरुआत करने वालों के लिए म्यूचुअल फंड एक बेहतरीन निवेश है

म्यूचुअल फंड एसेट क्लास को तीन मुख्य कैटेगरी में बांटा गया है:

डेट म्यूचुअल फंड

डेट फंड को फिक्स्ड इनकम फंड या बॉन्ड फंड भी कहा जाता है। ये मुख्य रूप से सरकारी बॉन्ड, ट्रेजरी बिल, कमर्शियल पेपर, कॉर्पोरेट बॉन्ड, सर्टिफिकेट ऑफ डिपॉजिट और दूसरे मनी मार्केट इंस्ट्रूमेंट्स में निवेश करते हैं और आम तौर पर इक्विटी फंड की तुलना में कम उतार-चढ़ाव वाले होते हैं। ये फंड ब्याज दर, क्रेडिट रेटिंग, लिक्विडिटी और जारीकर्ता की क्रेडिट योग्यता से प्रभावित होते हैं। ये फंड उन निवेशकों के लिए उपयुक्त हैं जिनकी जोखिम लेने की क्षमता कम है या जो कम और मध्यम अवधि में स्थिर रिटर्न चाहते हैं।

इक्विटी म्यूचुअल फंड

इक्विटी म्यूचुअल फंड, जिन्हें ग्रोथ फंड भी कहा जाता है, मुख्य रूप से कंपनी के स्टॉक और शेयरों में निवेश करते हैं। ये फंड डेट फंड की तुलना में अधिक रिटर्न देने के लिए जाने जाते हैं, हालांकि इनमें जोखिम भी होता है क्योंकि फंड का प्रदर्शन बाजार की विभिन्न स्थितियों पर निर्भर करता है। इसके अलावा, इक्विटी फंड को दो कैटेगरी में बांटा गया है: पैसिव फंड और एक्टिव फंड। पैसिव फंड बाजार के इंडेक्स या सेगमेंट को ट्रैक करते हैं और स्टॉक चुनने में फंड मैनेजर की कोई सक्रिय भूमिका नहीं होती है, जबकि एक्टिव फंड स्कीम को फंड मैनेजर सक्रिय रूप से मैनेज करते हैं, जो निवेश के लिए स्टॉक चुनते हैं। इसलिए, शुरुआती निवेशकों के लिए निवेश की अवधि, जोखिम लेने की क्षमता और बाजार की स्थितियों पर विचार करने के बाद फंड चुनना बेहतर होता है।

हाइब्रिड म्यूचुअल फंड

हाइब्रिड म्यूचुअल फंड डेट और इक्विटी दोनों का मिश्रण निवेश करते हैं और इसमें सोना (गोल्ड) जैसी अन्य एसेट क्लास भी शामिल हो सकती हैं। हाइब्रिड फंड इक्विटी से मिलने वाले फायदे और इनकम की स्थिरता के लिए डेट का मिश्रण होते हैं। इस प्रकार निवेशकों के पास कई एसेट क्लास में निवेश करने का विकल्प होता है; शुद्ध इक्विटी फंड की तुलना में हाइब्रिड फंड में उतार-चढ़ाव कम होता है। इसके अलावा, हाइब्रिड फंड कई तरह के फंड पेश करते हैं जैसे एग्रेसिव हाइब्रिड फंड, कंजरवेटिव हाइब्रिड फंड, डायनामिक हाइब्रिड फंड, इक्विटी सेविंग फंड, मल्टीपल एसेट फंड, आर्बिट्राज फंड आदि। हाइब्रिड फंड उन शुरुआती निवेशकों के लिए सही हैं जो इक्विटी बाजार के उतार-चढ़ाव का सामना नहीं करना चाहते हैं।

डिस्क्लेमर

यह ब्लॉग केवल सामान्य जानकारी और शैक्षिक उद्देश्यों के लिए है और इसमें कोई वित्तीय, निवेश, टैक्स या कानूनी सलाह नहीं दी गई है। यह जानकारी सार्वजनिक रूप से उपलब्ध स्रोतों और इसे लिखते समय बाजार की समझ पर आधारित है और वैश्विक घटनाक्रमों के कारण बदल सकती है। भू-राजनीतिक घटनाओं के दौरान बाजारों के पिछले प्रदर्शन से भविष्य के परिणामों की गारंटी नहीं मिलती है। पाठकों को सलाह दी जाती है कि वे निवेश का निर्णय लेने से पहले अपनी खुद की रिसर्च करें और योग्य पेशेवरों से सलाह लें। ‘Finance with Prakash’ इस जानकारी के आधार पर परिणामों के बारे में कोई आश्वासन नहीं देता है।

ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ହେଉଛି ଆରମ୍ଭକାରୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଆଦର୍ଶ ନିବେଶ, ଯେପରିକି ସେୟାର, ବଣ୍ଡ୍, ମନି ମାର୍କେଟ୍ ସିକ୍ୟୁରିଟିଜ୍ କିମ୍ବା ଦୁଇଟି କିମ୍ବା ସମସ୍ତର ମିଶ୍ରଣ ପରି ଅନ୍ୟ ନିବେଶ ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ୍ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ। ଅନ୍ୟ ନିବେଶ ପରି ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ କିଛି ବିପଦ ବହନ କରେ କିନ୍ତୁ ଦୀର୍ଘକାଳୀନ ଭାବରେ ଅଧିକ ରିଟର୍ଣ୍ଣର ସମ୍ଭାବନା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ। ଜଣେ ଆରମ୍ଭକାରୀ ଆରମ୍ଭକାରୀ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ରେ ନିବେଶ କରିବାକୁ ପସନ୍ଦ କରିପାରିବେ କାରଣ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କମ୍ ନିବେଶ ସହିତ ସୁଲଭ ଏବଂ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ ବିବିଧତା, ଯାହା ବୃତ୍ତିଗତ ପାଣ୍ଠି ପରିଚାଳକଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ପରିଚାଳିତ। ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ତରଳତା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ; ନିବେଶକମାନେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କରନ୍ତି ସେତେବେଳେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପାଣ୍ଠିକୁ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିପାରିବେ। ଆରମ୍ଭକାରୀଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ନିବେଶ ପଥଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଗବେଷଣା ଏବଂ ବିଶ୍ଳେଷଣ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ସମୟ ଏବଂ ଜ୍ଞାନ ନାହିଁ। ଅନେକ ନିବେଶକ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ରେ ନିବେଶ କରିବାକୁ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ କିନ୍ତୁ ଏକ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ବାଛିବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ଏବଂ ଦେଖିବା ପାଇଁ କାରଣଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବିଷୟରେ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ନୁହଁନ୍ତି। ଛୋଟ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରନ୍ତୁ, ସ୍ଥିର ରୁହନ୍ତୁ, ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ରେ ନିବେଶ ଜଟିଳ ହେବା ଉଚିତ୍ ନୁହେଁ।

ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ପଦକ୍ଷେପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହିତ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡରେ ନିବେଶ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରନ୍ତୁ – ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ଆରମ୍ଭକାରୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଆଦର୍ଶ ନିବେଶ

ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ୧ – KYC ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରନ୍ତୁ

ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିବା ପାଇଁ, ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ PAN (ପର୍ମାନେଣ୍ଟ ଆକାଉଣ୍ଟ ନମ୍ବର), ଆଧାର କାର୍ଡ, ମୋବାଇଲ୍ ନମ୍ବର, ଇମେଲ୍ ଆଇଡି, ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ଆକାଉଣ୍ଟ ନମ୍ବର ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ବିବରଣୀ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରି KYC (ନୋ ୟୋର୍ କ୍ଲାଏଣ୍ଟ) ଯାଞ୍ଚ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିବାକୁ ପଡିବ। KYC ନିୟମାବଳୀ ପାଳନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ, ଆପଣ ଅନ୍‌ଲାଇନ୍‌ରେ ଫର୍ମ ପୂରଣ କରିପାରିବେ। KYC ଫର୍ମର ଅନ୍‌ଲାଇନ୍ ଲିଙ୍କ୍ ନିମ୍ନରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି:

https://www.camsonline.com/Investors/Transactions/KYC/Paper-less-KYC

https://mfs.kfintech.com/investor/Investor/EKYCVerification

ଏବଂ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ସୂଚନା ସହିତ ଫର୍ମଟି ଦାଖଲ କରନ୍ତୁ।

ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ୨ – ବିପଦ ସହନଶୀଳତା (Risk appetite) ଏବଂ ସମୟ ସୀମା ଯାଞ୍ଚ କରନ୍ତୁ

ଆପଣଙ୍କର ଆର୍ଥିକ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ, ବିପଦ ସହନଶୀଳତା ଏବଂ ନିବେଶ ସମୟ ସୀମା ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ଯୋଜନା ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ।

ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ୩ – ପ୍ଲାଟଫର୍ମ ବାଛନ୍ତୁ

SIP ଆରମ୍ଭ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ AMC (ଆସେଟ୍ ମ୍ୟାନେଜମେଣ୍ଟ କମ୍ପାନୀ) ସହିତ ପଞ୍ଜୀକରଣ କରିବାକୁ ପଡିବ।

ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ୪ – ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ଆକାଉଣ୍ଟ ଏବଂ ପରିମାଣ ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ

ଆପଣଙ୍କ ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ବିବରଣୀ ଏବଂ ଆପଣ ମାସିକ ଭିତ୍ତିରେ ନିବେଶ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଥିବା ଟଙ୍କାର ପରିମାଣ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ।

ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ୫ – ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ମ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡେଟ୍ (Bank Mandate) ସେଟ୍ ଅପ୍ କରନ୍ତୁ

ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଆକାଉଣ୍ଟରୁ ସ୍ୱୟଂଚାଳିତ ଭାବରେ ଟଙ୍କା କଟିବା ଏବଂ ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ତାରିଖରେ ନିବେଶ ହେବା ସୁନିଶ୍ଚିତ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ‘ଅଟୋ ଡେବିଟ୍ ମ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡେଟ୍’ ସେଟ୍ ଅପ୍ କରନ୍ତୁ।

ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ୬ – ତଦାରଖ କରନ୍ତୁ

ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପୋର୍ଟଫୋଲିଓ ଉପରେ ନଜର ରଖନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ହେଲେ ସେଥିରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରନ୍ତୁ।

ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡରେ କିପରି ନିବେଶ କରିବେ – ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ଆରମ୍ଭକାରୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଆଦର୍ଶ ନିବେଶ

ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ

ଅଧିକାଂଶ ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ବିତରକ ଭାବରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି ପରିଚାଳନା (wealth management) ସେବା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରନ୍ତି; ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ଆପଣ ‘ରେଗୁଲାର୍ ପ୍ଲାନ୍’ (regular plan) ରେ ନିବେଶ କରିବେ। ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅନ୍‌ଲାଇନ୍ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ସେବା ସହିତ ଶାଖା ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି ପରିଚାଳନା ସେବା ମଧ୍ୟ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିଥାନ୍ତି।

ସିଧାସଳଖ AMC (ଆସେଟ୍ ମ୍ୟାନେଜମେଣ୍ଟ କମ୍ପାନୀ) ସହିତ

KYC ଯାଞ୍ଚ ହେବା ପରେ, ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ AMC କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାଳୟରେ କିମ୍ବା AMC ର ଅନ୍‌ଲାଇନ୍ ପୋର୍ଟାଲ୍ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ KYC ଦାଖଲ କରିବାକୁ ପଡିବ। ଆପଣ ‘ଡାଇରେକ୍ଟ ପ୍ଲାନ୍’ (direct plan) କିଣିପାରିବେ; ରେଗୁଲାର୍ ପ୍ଲାନ୍ ତୁଳନାରେ ଏଥିରେ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ଅନୁପାତ (expense ratio) କମ୍ ଥାଏ ଏବଂ ରିଟର୍ଣ୍ଣ (ଲାଭ) ଅଧିକ ମିଳିଥାଏ। ଯଦି ଆପଣ ଜଣେ ଅଭିଜ୍ଞ ନିବେଶକ, ତେବେ ଆପଣ ଏହି ପଦ୍ଧତି ବାଛିପାରିବେ।

RIA (ପଞ୍ଜୀକୃତ ନିବେଶ ପରାମର୍ଶଦାତା) ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ

SEBI ପଞ୍ଜୀକୃତ RIA ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ଆପଣ ନିବେଶ କରିପାରିବେ; RIA ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ଆପଣ ଡାଇରେକ୍ଟ ପ୍ଲାନରେ ନିବେଶ କରିପାରିବେ। AMC, RIA କୁ କୌଣସି କମିଶନ୍ ଦିଏ ନାହିଁ, ତେଣୁ ସ୍ୱାର୍ଥର ସଂଘର୍ଷ (conflict of interest) ରହିନଥାଏ। RIA ସେବା ପାଇଁ ଶୁଳ୍କ (fees) ନେଇପାରନ୍ତି। ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ବିତରକ କିମ୍ବା ପଞ୍ଜୀକୃତ ନିବେଶ ପରାମର୍ଶଦାତାଙ୍କ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ନିବେଶ କରିବାକୁ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ନେବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଉଚିତ୍ ଯାଞ୍ଚ (due diligence) କରିବା ଉଚିତ୍।

ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ବିତରକଙ୍କ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ

ଆପଣ AMFI ପଞ୍ଜୀକୃତ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ବିତରକଙ୍କ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ନିବେଶ କରିପାରିବେ; ସେମାନେ ଗ୍ରାହକଙ୍କଠାରୁ କୌଣସି ଶୁଳ୍କ ନିଅନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ ଏବଂ ସିଧାସଳଖ ଫଣ୍ଡ ହାଉସ୍‌ରୁ କମିଶନ୍ ପାଆନ୍ତି। ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ବିତରକଙ୍କ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ଆପଣ ରେଗୁଲାର୍ ପ୍ଲାନରେ ନିବେଶ କରିବେ ଏବଂ ଡାଇରେକ୍ଟ ପ୍ଲାନ୍ ତୁଳନାରେ ଏଥିରେ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ଅନୁପାତ ଅଧିକ ଥାଏ। ନୂତନ ନିବେଶକଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ବିତରକଙ୍କ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ନିବେଶ କରିବା ଲାଭଦାୟକ ହେବ, କାରଣ ସେମାନେ ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ KYC ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାରେ ସାହାଯ

ଆସେଟ୍ କ୍ଲାସ୍ (Asset Class) ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡରେ ନିବେଶ କରନ୍ତୁ – ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ଆରମ୍ଭକାରୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଆଦର୍ଶ ନିବେଶ

ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡର ଆସେଟ୍ କ୍ଲାସ୍‌ଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ତିନୋଟି ବର୍ଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି:

ଡେବ୍ଟ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ (Debt Mutual Fund)

ଡେବ୍ଟ ଫଣ୍ଡକୁ ‘ଫିକ୍ସଡ୍ ଇନକମ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ’ (ସ୍ଥିର ଆୟକାରୀ ଫଣ୍ଡ) କିମ୍ବା ‘ବଣ୍ଡ ଫଣ୍ଡ’ ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ। ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ସରକାରୀ ବଣ୍ଡ, ଟ୍ରେଜେରୀ ବିଲ୍, କମର୍ସିଆଲ୍ ପେପର, କର୍ପୋରେଟ୍ ବଣ୍ଡ, ସାର୍ଟିଫିକେଟ୍ ଅଫ୍ ଡିପୋଜିଟ୍ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ମନି ମାର୍କେଟ୍ ଉପକରଣରେ ନିବେଶ କରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଇକ୍ୱିଟି ଫଣ୍ଡ ତୁଳନାରେ ଏଥିରେ କମ୍ ଅସ୍ଥିରତା (volatility) ଦେଖାଯାଏ। ଏହି ଫଣ୍ଡଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସୁଧ ହାର, କ୍ରେଡିଟ୍ ରେଟିଂ, ତରଳତା (liquidity) ଏବଂ ଜାରିକାରୀ ସଂସ୍ଥାର ଋଣ ପରିଶୋଧ କ୍ଷମତା ଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରଭାବିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ। ଯେଉଁ ନିବେଶକମାନେ କମ୍ ରିସ୍କ ନେବାକୁ ଚାହାଁନ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ଓ ମଧ୍ୟମ ଅବଧି ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସ୍ଥିର ରିଟର୍ଣ୍ଣ (ଲାଭ) ଚାହାଁନ୍ତି, ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଏହି ଫଣ୍ଡଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଅଟେ।

ଇକ୍ୱିଟି ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ (Equity Mutual Funds)

ଇକ୍ୱିଟି ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡକୁ ‘ଗ୍ରୋଥ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ’ (ବୃଦ୍ଧି ଫଣ୍ଡ) ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ ଏବଂ ଏହା ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ କମ୍ପାନୀର ଷ୍ଟକ୍ ଓ ସେୟାରରେ ନିବେଶ କରେ। ଡେବ୍ଟ ଫଣ୍ଡ ତୁଳନାରେ ଏଥିରେ ଅଧିକ ଲାଭ ମିଳିବାର ସମ୍ଭାବନା ଥାଏ, କିନ୍ତୁ ଏଥିରେ ରିସ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟ ଜଡ଼ିତ ଥାଏ କାରଣ ଏହାର ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ବଜାର ସ୍ଥିତି ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ। ଇକ୍ୱିଟି ଫଣ୍ଡକୁ ପୁନର୍ବାର ଦୁଇଟି ବର୍ଗରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରାଯାଇଛି: ପାସିଭ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ (passive fund) ଏବଂ ଆକ୍ଟିଭ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ (active fund)। ପାସିଭ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ ଏକ ବଜାର ସୂଚକାଙ୍କ (market index) କିମ୍ବା ବିଭାଗକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କରେ ଏବଂ ଏଥିରେ ଷ୍ଟକ୍ ଚୟନ କରିବାରେ ଫଣ୍ଡ ମ୍ୟାନେଜରଙ୍କର କୌଣସି ସକ୍ରିୟ ଭୂମିକା ନଥାଏ; ଅନ୍ୟପକ୍ଷରେ ଆକ୍ଟିଭ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡରେ ଫଣ୍ଡ ମ୍ୟାନେଜର ସକ୍ରିୟ ଭାବରେ ଯୋଜନା ପରିଚାଳନା କରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ନିବେଶ ପାଇଁ ଷ୍ଟକ୍ ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତି। ତେଣୁ, ନିବେଶ ସମୟ ସୀମା, ରିସ୍କ ନେବାର କ୍ଷମତା ଏବଂ ବଜାର ସ୍ଥିତିକୁ ବିଚାର କରି ଫଣ୍ଡ ଚୟନ କରି

ହାଇବ୍ରିଡ୍ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍

ହାଇବ୍ରିଡ୍ ମ୍ୟୁଚୁଆଲ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ଋଣ ଏବଂ ଇକ୍ୱିଟି ଉଭୟର ମିଶ୍ରଣ ଆବଣ୍ଟନ କରେ ଏବଂ ସୁନା ପରି ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ସମ୍ପତ୍ତିକୁ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ କରିପାରେ। ଆୟ ସ୍ଥିରତା ପାଇଁ ଇକ୍ୱିଟି ଉପର ଏବଂ ଋଣର ହାଇବ୍ରିଡ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ମିଶ୍ରଣ। ତେଣୁ ନିବେଶକଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ବହୁ ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ସମ୍ପତ୍ତିରେ ନିବେଶ କରିବାର ବିକଳ୍ପ ଅଛି, ହାଇବ୍ରିଡ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଇକ୍ୱିଟି ପାଣ୍ଠି ତୁଳନାରେ କମ୍ ଅସ୍ଥିର। ଆହୁରି ମଧ୍ୟ ହାଇବ୍ରିଡ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାରର ପାଣ୍ଠି ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ ଯେପରିକି ଆକ୍ରେସିଭ୍ ହାଇବ୍ରିଡ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍, ରକ୍ଷଣଶୀଳ ହାଇବ୍ରିଡ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍, ଗତିଶୀଳ ହାଇବ୍ରିଡ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍, ଇକ୍ୱିଟି ସେଭିଂ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍, ମଲ୍ଟିପଲ୍ ଆସେଟ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍, ଆର୍ବିଟ୍ରେଜ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ ଏବଂ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି। ହାଇବ୍ରିଡ୍ ଫଣ୍ଡ୍ କେବଳ ସାଧାରଣ ସୂଚନାମୂଳକ ଏବଂ ଶିକ୍ଷାଗତ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ଏବଂ ଏହା ଆର୍ଥିକ, ନିବେଶ, ଟିକସ କିମ୍ବା ଆଇନଗତ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଗଠନ କରେ ନାହିଁ। ଲେଖା ସମୟରେ ସୂଚନା ସାର୍ବଜନୀନ ଭାବରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ଉତ୍ସ ଏବଂ ବଜାର ବୁଝାମଣା ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ଏବଂ ବିଶ୍ୱସ୍ତରୀୟ ବିକାଶ ଯୋଗୁଁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୋଇପାରେ। ଭୂରାଜନୈତିକ ଘଟଣା ସମୟରେ ବଜାରର ପୂର୍ବ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତର ଫଳାଫଳର ଗ୍ୟାରେଣ୍ଟି ଦିଏ ନାହିଁ। ପାଠକମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିବେଶ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ନେବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ନିଜର ଗବେଷଣା କରିବାକୁ ଏବଂ ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ବୃତ୍ତିଗତଙ୍କ ସହିତ ପରାମର୍ଶ କରିବାକୁ ଉତ୍ସାହିତ କରାଯାଏ। ପ୍ରକାଶ ସହିତ ଆର୍ଥିକ ଏହି ସୂଚନା ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ଫଳାଫଳ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ କୌଣସି ନିଶ୍ଚିତତା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ ନାହିଁ।

ଅସ୍ୱୀକାର

ଏହି ବ୍ଲଗ୍ କେବଳ ସାଧାରଣ ସୂଚନା ଏବଂ ଶିକ୍ଷାଗତ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟରେ ଏବଂ ଏହା ଆର୍ଥିକ, ନିବେଶ, ଟିକସ କିମ୍ବା ଆଇନଗତ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଗଠନ କରେ ନାହିଁ। ଏହି ସୂଚନା ଲେଖା ସମୟରେ ସାର୍ବଜନୀନ ଭାବରେ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ଉତ୍ସ ଏବଂ ବଜାର ବୁଝାମଣା ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ଏବଂ ବିଶ୍ୱ ବିକାଶ ଯୋଗୁଁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୋଇପାରେ। ଭୂ-ରାଜନୈତିକ ଘଟଣା ସମୟରେ ବଜାରର ଅତୀତର ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ ଭବିଷ୍ୟତର ଫଳାଫଳର ଗ୍ୟାରେଣ୍ଟି ଦିଏ ନାହିଁ। ପାଠକମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିବେଶ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ନେବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ନିଜର ଗବେଷଣା କରିବାକୁ ଏବଂ ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ବୃତ୍ତିଗତଙ୍କ ସହିତ ପରାମର୍ଶ କରିବାକୁ ଉତ୍ସାହିତ କରାଯାଏ। ପ୍ରକାଶ ସହିତ ଆର୍ଥିକ ଏହି ସୂଚନା ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ଫଳାଫଳ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ କୌଣସି ନିଶ୍ଚିତତା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ ନାହିଁ।

Mutual funds are an ideal investment for beginners instead of other investment channels like share, bonds, money market securities or combination of two or all.  Like other investment mutual fund carry certain risk but offer the potential for higher returns over the long term. A beginner starting investment can prefer investing in mutual funds as they are affordable with low investment and mutual fund offer diversification, run by professional fund managers. Mutual fund offers liquidity; investors can access their fund whenever needed. Beginners don’t have time and knowledge to research and analyze investment avenues. Lot of investors is interested to invest in mutual fund but not sure about process and factors to look, before choosing a mutual fund. Start small, stay consistent, investment in mutual fund should not be complicated.

Start Investing in Mutual Funds with Steps below

Step 1 – Complete KYC

To start mutual fund, you need to complete KYC (know Your Client) verification by submitting PAN (Permanent Account Number), Adhar Card, Mobile number, Email id, Bank account number and other Bank details. To ensure compliance with KYC norms, you can fill the form online. Online link of KYC form is mentioned below

https://www.camsonline.com/Investors/Transactions/KYC/Paper-less-KYC

https://mfs.kfintech.com/investor/Investor/EKYCVerification

And submit the form with appropriate information.

Step 2 – Check risk appetite and time horizon

Select the mutual fund plan with your financial objectives, risk appetite and time horizon.

Step 3 – Choose Platform

To start SIP you need to register with AMC (Asset Management Company)

Step 4 – Select Bank Account and Amount

Enter your Bank details and amount you wish to invest on monthly basis

Step 5 – Set up Bank Mandate

Set up auto debit mandate to ensure automatic debit from your account and invested on a fixed date.

Step 6 – Monitor Monitor and adjust your portfolio, if needed

How to invest in Mutual Funds – Mutual Funds Are an Ideal Investment for Beginners

Through Bank

Most of the banks are mutual fund distributor and offers wealth management services, with bank you will be investing in regular plan. Banks provide online mutual fund services as well as wealth management services through Branch.

Directly with the AMC (Asset Management Companies)

After being KYC verified, you need to submit your KYC either at AMC office or through AMC online portal. You can buy direct plans, expenses ratio are less in comparison to regular plans and the returns are higher than the return of regular plan. If you are an experienced investor, you can opt for this method.

Through RIA (Registered Investment Advisor)

Through SEBI Registered RIA, you can invest; you can invest in direct plan through RIA. AMC do not pay any commission to RIA and hence there is no conflict of interest. RIA may charge fees for services.  You should do your due diligence before deciding to invest through Mutual Fund Distributor or Registered Investment Advisor.

Through Mutual Fund Distributor

You can invest through AMFI registered Mutual Fund Distributors; they do not charge fees from the client and get commission directly from the fund house. You will be investing in regular plans through mutual fund distributor and expenses ratio are more in comparison to direct plans. For beginner it will be wise to invest through mutual fund distributor, because mutual fund distributor may help you for your KYC compliance and guide you to choose right mutual fund product as per your risk appetitie and investment needs.

Through RTA (Registrar & Transfer Agent)

Through RTAs you can invest, RTAs process mutual fund transaction on behalf of the fund houses. You can invest in both direct and regular plan through RTA, but you should know which RTA services the AMC whose scheme you want to buy. The main benefit of investing through RTA is, you can do transaction like investing, redemption, switches and etc of multiple funds of different AMC, provided the AMCs are serviced by the same RTA.

Invest on Mutual Fund Based on Asset Class – Mutual Funds Are an Ideal Investment for Beginners

In three broad categories mutual fund asset class are divided

Debt Mutual Fund

Debt fund also known as fixed income fund or bond funds and primarily invest in Government bond, Treasury bill, Commercial paper, Corporate bond, Certificate of deposits and other money market instruments and generally less volatile than equity funds. These funds are affected by interest rate, credit rating, liquidity and creditworthiness of the issuer. These funds are suitable for investor with a lower risk appetite or those seeking stable return over short term and medium term time horizon.

Equity Mutual Funds

Equity mutual also known as growth funds primarily invest in company’s stock and shares, these funds are known for generating more funds than debt fund however risk is associated with these funds as funds performance is dependent upon various market conditions. Further equity funds are divided in two category viz. passive fund and active fund. Passive fund tracks a market index or segment and fund manager has no active role in selecting stocks where as in active fund scheme are actively managed by the fund manager, who pick the stock wants to invest. Hence it is better for beginner to select fund after considering investment time horizon, risk appetite and market conditions.

Hybrid Mutual Funds

Hybrid mutual fund allocates combination of both Debt and Equity and may include other class of asset like gold. Hybrid fund blend of equity upside and debt for income stability. Thus investor have an option for investing in multiple class asset, hybrid funds are less volatile in comparison to pure equity fund. Further hybrid fund offer various types of fund like aggressive hybrid fund, conservative hybrid fund, dynamic hybrid fund, equity saving fund, multiple asset fund, arbitrage fund and etc. Hybrid fund is advisable for the beginners who are not exposed to the volatility of the equity market.

Disclaimer

This blog is for general informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, tax, or legal advice. The information is based on publicly available sources and market understanding at the time of writing and may change due to global developments. Past performance of markets during geopolitical events does not guarantee future results. Readers are encouraged to conduct their own research and consult qualified professionals before making investment decisions. Finance with Prakash does not provide any assurance regarding outcomes based on this information.

Mutual Funds – Path for all goals, as the name seems pool of money or fund, collected from investors and is invested according to certain investment objectives. The contributors and beneficiary of the fund or pool of money are the same class of people i.e. investor. As the pool of funds held by investors mutually is the mutual fund. Today there are more than 500 products in mutual fund. It’s a pool investment vehicle, where units represent investor‘s portion of the total investment. Depending on goal professional fund manger oversee these funds, instead of investing in single stock or bonds mutual fund provides platform to invest in diversified portfolio. One can start investing in mutual fund with very small amount and appropriate for small investors.

How Do They Work? Mutual Funds – Path for all goals

When an investor invests in mutual fund, he buys units of the fund and each unit is known as NAV (Net Asset Value). NAV is calculated by total value of the fund assets divided by the number of units outstanding and is published daily. The NAV is dynamic and changes every day based on the performance of the underlying asset, if the price of the assets raises the NAV also increases and vice-versa. Investment in mutual fund – path for all goals is subject to market risk, the value of underlying asset may reduce which negatively impacts the NAV. If a person invests in mutual fund, then that person hold partial ownership of the fund in form of unit. Mutual funds are of two types actively managed and passively managed. Fund Manager are the decision makers regarding which are to hold or which one to sell it helps the schemes to generate capital appreciation. Fund Manager may choose such securities based on the scheme investment objectives. Active Fund diversify investment portfolio across various asset class, which need in depth analysis as a result fees are higher and cost of transaction is even much more. Such fees and transaction cost may affect the return on investment. Passive Managed Fund is an instrument tracks a market index, to determine what to invest. The proportion of each share in the scheme‘s portfolio would also be the same as the weight assigned to the share in the computation of the said index. Performance of such funds is just like the performance of Index. Such schemes have low running cost. Profits on mutual fund attracts tax under the source of Income head “Capital Gain”, it could be short term capital gain or long term capital gain however it is applicable at the time of redemption. If profits are booked within a period of one year it is short term capital gain and if profits are booked after one year it is long term Capital gain. Tax rates are different for short term and long term capital gain.

Investing in Mutual Fund – Path for all goals

There are two modes of investing in mutual fund

S-I-P (Systematic Investment Plan) – Path for all goals

A fixed amount is invest regularly in any mutual fund – path for all goals is S-I-P, and is similar to Bank’s recurring deposit. Regularly or regular interval means, as per the investor’s preference it could be daily (working days), weekly, monthly, semi annually or annually. One can start with an investment as low as ₹ 500/- each month. By providing bank standing instructions (a standing instruction is a fixed order you give your bank to automatically transfer a set amount of money on a chosen date) to debit the amount on each interval. S-I-P is the way to enter into the world of investment easily with a very small amount for a long term. If the horizon is for long term, by investing regularly investment can grow sue to compound interest as the returns are reinvested.

Lump Sum Investment – Path for all goals

When an investor invest a significant sum of amount on any particular mutual fund – path for all goals scheme in one go it is lump sum investment, it is similar to Bank’s fixed deposit. Instead of regular investment, you put the entire amount to work from the beginning and giving it exposure immediately. Since the entire amount invested, outcomes vary more with market movement compared to SIPs.

Mutual Fund – Based on Asset Class – Path for all goals

Three main categories are:

Equity Mutual Funds

Equity mutual fund – path for all goals allocate assets to stock or equities of public limited companies, equities fund are further subdivided into large cap, Mid Cap and Small Cap depending upon the market capitalization. Again these funds are classified into active fund and passive fund, a fund manager is involved in active fund to select stocks based on market analysis whereas in passive fund tracks a market index like SENSEX, NIFTY. Equity mutual funds are suitable for that investor willing to navigate the ups and downs of stocks lead by market for higher long term return.

Debt Mutual Funds

Debt mutual funds – path for all goals invest in fixed income instrument like corporate bond, government securities, corporate debenture, and money market instruments. Such fund offer liquidity by generating regular income through interest payment and are considered less risky in comparison to equity mutual fund. It will be the best option for conservative investor seeking stable income with low risk.

Hybrid Funds

A combination of equity and debt fund is hybrid fund, these funds are designed to balance risk and return offering diversification across the asset classes. Further it is sub-categories in different equity-debt allocation like aggressive hybrid fund, conservative hybrid fund and balanced hybrid funds. Investor seeking both safety and growth may opt for such hybrid funds.

Conclusion

One can start investing in mutual fund with very small amount and appropriate for small investors. Depending on goal professional fund manger oversee these funds, instead of investing in single stock or bonds mutual fund provides platform to invest in diversified portfolio. There are two modes of investing in mutual fund SIP (Systematic Investment Plan) and Lump sum investment. And there are three main categories Equity Mutual Funds, Debt Mutual Funds and Hybrid Mutual Fund.

Disclaimer

This blog is for general informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, tax, or legal advice. The information is based on publicly available sources and market understanding at the time of writing and may change due to global developments. Past performance of markets during geopolitical events does not guarantee future results. Readers are encouraged to conduct their own research and consult qualified professionals before making investment decisions. Finance with Prakash does not provide any assurance regarding outcomes based on this information